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The economic condition of France became poor due to the foreign wars of Louis XIV, the seven years War of Louis XV and other expensive wars. It ushered in what is known as the Age of Revolutions, a period in which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in many parts of Europe and the Americas. A Short Summary of the French Revolution The French Revolution was a time of great turmoil in French history. In European history, the year 1848 has become synonymous with bloodshed and revolution. This Enlightenment was spread among the educated classes by the many “societies of thought” that were founded at that time: masonic lodges, agricultural societies, and reading rooms. This mighty movement took place at the height of the post-war economic upswing in capitalism. Updates? "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. It began in 1789 and ended in 1799. French Revolution, also called Revolution of 1789, revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799 and reached its first climax there in 1789—hence the conventional term “Revolution of 1789,” denoting the end of the ancien régime in France and serving also to distinguish that event from the later French revolutions of 1830 and 1848. He was bound by constitutional law, which flourished into the Third Republic later in the 19th century. Therefore it’s necessary to separate these events, starting by clarifying the acts and principles of the Revolution of 1688. The needs of the people at large, including basic ability to have enough food, was seen as not being properly taken care of by a wasteful aristocracy. His death marked the beginning of the Thermidorian Reaction, a moderate phase in which the French people revolted against the Reign of Terror’s excesses. Revolting against years of exploitation, peasants looted and burned the homes of tax collectors, landlords and the seigniorial elite. The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars tore down the entrenched structure of society and government of Europe. The French Revolution, though it seemed a failure in 1799 and appeared nullified by 1815, had far-reaching results. The French king was always uneasy with his role in the revolution; the revolution was always uneasy with the king. As ideas on science and social issues evolved during the Enlightenment, many people questioned the validity of the "divine right of kings" and the ruling of a very privileged few over the masses. February 22, 1787 . Executive power would lie in the hands of a five-member Directory (Directoire) appointed by parliament. I.2. This, together with other factors, had led to an increase in the population of Europe unprecedented for several centuries: it doubled between 1715 and 1800. During ...read more, 1. The French Revolution refers to the chain of events that took place in France and resulted in extensive political, economic, and social changes during the period from 1789 to 1799. Perhaps most importantly, how much authority would the king, his public image further weakened after a failed attempt to flee the country in June 1791, retain? A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. They gave inspiration to those who acted the revolution out. Read More. The Estates-General met at Versailles on May 5, 1789. The young couple soon came to symbolize all of the excesses of the reviled French monarchy, and Marie Antoinette herself became the target of a great deal ...read more, The Glorious Revolution, also called “The Revolution of 1688” and “The Bloodless Revolution,” took place from 1688 to 1689 in England. King Louis XVI was executed in 1793. The French revolution, known for the revolutionary ideas and protests that resulted in the Monarchy, is a vast topic in the pages of World History. 1. The result of the French Revolution was the end of the monarchy. Burke argues that the gentlemen of the Revolution Club are so preoccupied with the Glorious Revolution, the Great Rebellion and Commonwealth of 40 years before that, and the current French Revolution that they are “constantly confounding” these three events. https://www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolution. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Jacobins As the Revolution progressed, Robespierre joined the Jacobins Club where he found many like-minded people. May 1968 was the greatest revolutionary general strike in history. The French Revolution lasted 10 years from 1789 to 1799. Burke questions whether the French Revolution was truly justified, arguing that even in early 1789, most French political figures were seeking reform, not revolution. Robespierre Gains … The French Revolution was a revolution in France from 1789 to 1799. Carr describes how, in revolutionary France, the debonair delights of civilization were replaced by a more virtuous albeit often stale cultural climate. The following month, amid a wave of violence in which Parisian insurrectionists massacred hundreds of accused counterrevolutionaries, the Legislative Assembly was replaced by the National Convention, which proclaimed the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the French republic. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. During the French Revolution, the previous absolute monarchy and the entire social three estates system was overthrown. His pamphlet is a response to those who agreed with the revolution and saw it as representing a new era of liberty and equality. French Revolution Summary. Following the king’s execution, war with various European powers and intense divisions within the National Convention ushered the French Revolution into its most violent and turbulent phase. On the domestic front, meanwhile, the political crisis took a radical turn when a group of insurgents led by the extremist Jacobins attacked the royal residence in Paris and arrested the king on August 10, 1792. During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their countrys political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system. There were many instances that brought it forth. The Louisiana city of New Orleans still retains much of its French-infused heritage, and ...read more, French sociologist and political theorist Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859) traveled to the United States in 1831 to study its prisons and returned with a wealth of broader observations that he codified in “Democracy in America” (1835), one of the most influential books of the ...read more, When American colonists won independence from Great Britain in the Revolutionary War, the French, who participated in the war themselves, were both close allies and key participants. During the spring and summer of 1788, there was unrest among the populace in Paris, Grenoble, Dijon, Toulouse, Pau, and Rennes. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The French Revolution had general causes common to all the revolutions of the West at the end of the 18th century and particular causes that explain why it was by far the most violent and the most universally significant of these revolutions. The French Revolution was a major event in the history of Western societies, and has had a profound effect on the world today. In May 1789, amid widespread discontent and financial crisis, representatives of France’s nobility, clergy and commoners met at the Palace of Versailles. In France the revolutionary events ended the July Monarchy (1830–1848) and led to the creation of the French Second Republic.. Tweet. The revolution ended when Napoleon Bonaparte took power in November 1799. Omissions? During this time, peasants rioted, looted and protested, and a new government was formed. Many of the killings were carried out under orders from Robespierre, who dominated the draconian Committee of Public Safety until his own execution on July 28, 1794. 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