phase modulation pdf

Phase Modulation (PM) is used primarily in digital communication Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Modulation . The total argument of the cosine is 2πf c t+φ(t), an angle with units of radians (or degrees).When φ(t)=0, we simply have a cosine and the angle 2πf c t is a linear function of time. Fig.2 Examples of modulation waveshapes from a sinusoidal baseband signal x(t). The modulationtypesshownareAM,amplitude,DSB(-SC)doublesideband(suppressed carrier), PM, phase, and FM, frequency modulation. endobj 0000048174 00000 n PM and FM are closely related to each other. 0000008869 00000 n 0000009805 00000 n 0000009285 00000 n 0000116066 00000 n modulation. 0000113438 00000 n 0000008609 00000 n The best way to define modulation is: The process of impressing low-frequency information to be transmitted on to a high-frequency wave, called the carrier wave, by changing the characteristics of either its amplitude, frequency or phase angle is called modulation. The radio has both AM and FM receivers. 0000126929 00000 n 0000112171 00000 n PM - Phase Modulation (continued) EE445-10 22 Narrowband FM •Only the J o and J 1 terms are significant •Same Bandwidth as AM •Using Eulers identity, and φ(t)<<1: Notice the sidebands are “sin”, not “cos” as in AM 23 Narrowband FM as a Phaser AM NBFM 24 Wideband FM from Narrowband FM PHASE MODULATION Angle Modulation 2. 0000119865 00000 n 0000113996 00000 n As phase and frequency are interrelated, this relationship carries forwards into phase modulation where it has many commonalities with frequency modulation. 4. I just wanted to jot down a simple note to be able to thank you for these great ways you are posting at this site. 0000127452 00000 n 0000045113 00000 n 0000114961 00000 n 0000009181 00000 n 0000046096 00000 n trailer << /Size 436 /Info 218 0 R /Encrypt 227 0 R /Root 226 0 R /Prev 442445 /ID[<77d25c53aa81371beff967ee481c8e7b>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 226 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 221 0 R /Metadata 219 0 R >> endobj 227 0 obj << /Filter /Standard /R 2 /O ( U�V�.�`�����Dz�-���#_m�_�}�g) /U (���A]A��Z�͟�\\:�J����͛�+��$) /P -60 /V 1 /Length 40 >> endobj 434 0 obj << /S 1392 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 435 0 R >> stream So phase modulation can be written: Figure 2 shows the results of Phase Modulation. 0000125029 00000 n As a result the term angle modulation is often use to describe both. 0000127977 00000 n 0000009493 00000 n Généralement, seule une porteuse sinusoïdale est utilisée. 0000004819 00000 n 0000109359 00000 n 0000127195 00000 n k. p =π/2 radians/volt. Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation that represents information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. 0000115096 00000 n 3 Carrier signals are used for two reasons: (1) To reduce the wavelength for efficient transmission and reception (the optimum antenna size is ¼ of a wavelength). 0000129559 00000 n 0000110781 00000 n 0000119363 00000 n tF��}��O��8�R��qK���4;$d �*��_+�A����W���)Q;�;i���p�'eYgI�7��X^�"��\P�8klw���"��@5����bpFB���HaI��e;�{��$�2�d��3P��27�����~�`-�G0چ-b�"PG�|� �*��@:���v4�z6��� ��– In phase modulation of an analog signal, the phase change is a continuous back and forth movement. The other type of modulation in continuous-wave modulation is the Angle Modulation. lDemodulation is the inverse operation: extracting the baseband message from the carrier so that it may be processed at the receiver. 0000009961 00000 n 0000125569 00000 n There are two common forms of angle modulation, namely, phase modulation and frequency modulation. Howeve… Therefore we only consider the case where the message signal m(t)is a sinusoidal signal. 0000110640 00000 n We therefore assume m(t)=a mcos(2 f mt)for PM and … ��ꭰ4�I��ݠ�x#�{z�wA��j}�΅�����Q���=��8�m��� 0000111060 00000 n In both the cases, the total phase angle θ of the modulated signal varies. 0000045841 00000 n 0000116201 00000 n 0000107034 00000 n 2) Slide 17 Linearized Model for PLL Slide 18 Proof PLL is a Demod for FM Slide 19 Comments on PLL Performance Slide 20 FM PLL vs. Costas Loop Bandwidth The most straightforward type of PSK is called binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where “binary” refers to the use of two phase offsets (one for logic high, one for logic low).We can intuitively recognize that the system will be more robust if there is greater separation between these two phases—of course it would be difficult for a receiver to distinguish between a symbol with a phase offset of 90° and a symbol with a phase offset of 91°. Pχ�g�⣹�j��3�q�����k���4l(=�*�1Ƣa�(a�r��-��;QkmA�1�J_�0��Ŋ�� endobj 0000047238 00000 n 0000113856 00000 n This variation in refractive index will produce a phase shift in … 0000109137 00000 n 0000130907 00000 n stream 0000114820 00000 n 0000044501 00000 n 0000008245 00000 n 0000129875 00000 n The equation for instantaneous frequency fiin FM modulation is fi=fc+kfm(t) Where, fcis the carrier frequency ktis the frequency sensitivity m(t)is the message signal We know the relationship between angular frequency ωi and angle θi(t)as ωi=dθi(t)dt ⇒2πfi=dθi(t)dt ⇒θi(t)=2π∫fidt Substitute, fivalue in the above equation. 0000010013 00000 n 0000118839 00000 n An important feature of angle modulation … 0000111751 00000 n 0000124486 00000 n 0000045373 00000 n �Y��.�� ���^)�ܢ�0����/�����[���aq�#\��ve��y_G.x1���9�����(�d��C�Ђ� �^{P�w�`�H>(�)��p�`�Z�'�7����*�*�J\�u��+��S��5XMv���! ��Q�����)�Ah�c3�,�"2鋉� Much like in amplitude modulation, frequency modulation also has a similar approach where a carrier signal is modulated by the input signal. 0000120905 00000 n 0000009701 00000 n 0000104343 00000 n Definition: Phase modulation is another type of angle modulation in which the phase of the carrier wave is changed according to the amplitude (magnitude) of the message (modulating) signal. 0000119623 00000 n 0000046074 00000 n 0000045685 00000 n 0000114685 00000 n �(�o{1�c��d5�U��gҷt����laȱi"��\.5汔����^�8tph0�k�!�~D� �T�hd����6���챖:>f��&�m�����x�A4����L�&����%���k���iĔ��?�Cq��ոm�&/�By#�Ց%i��'�W��:�Xl�Err�'�=_�ܗ)�i7Ҭ����,�F|�N�ٮͯ6�rm�^�����U�HW�����5;�?�Ͱh 1.2.1 Amplitude Modulation Amplitude and (narrow band) frequency modulations have equal Fourier power spectral densities: in 0000108843 00000 n 0000120639 00000 n 0000126657 00000 n 7 0 R >> >> 0000115930 00000 n 0000118355 00000 n �2�M�'�"()Y'��ld4�䗉�2��'&��Sg^���}8��&����w��֚,�\V:k�ݤ;�i�R;;\��u?���V�����\���\�C9�u�(J�I����]����BS�s_ QP5��Fz���׋G�%�t{3qW�D�0vz�� \}\� $��u��m���+����٬C�;X�9:Y�^g�B�,�\�ACioci]g�����(�L;�z���9�An���I� 0000010065 00000 n Another definition for modulation is: 0000009545 00000 n Single Pulse Width Modulation 2. 1) Slide 16 PLL Analysis (cont. 0000105388 00000 n Phase modulation 1. 0000113032 00000 n Advantages and Disadvantages of Phase Modulation. 0000045061 00000 n The amplitude and the phase of the carrier signal remains constant whereas the frequency of the carrier changes. Phase modulation (PM) is a simple contrasted to Frequency modulation (FM). 0000008141 00000 n 0000115513 00000 n 3-Phase Motor Drive 2-Phase Modulation Po=10kW 3-Phase Motor Drive 2-Phase Modulation Simulation Circuit Input: Vin=400V Output: Po=10kW Vph_ph=320Vpk (Vin*MR) 0000046805 00000 n << /Type /Page /Parent 8 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R /MediaBox Carrier modulation allows the transmission of modulating frequencies without the use of transmission wire as a medium. << /Length 4 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> 0000104964 00000 n 0000129288 00000 n 0000009337 00000 n For BPSK, each … 0000117305 00000 n 0000074266 00000 n 0000122531 00000 n 0000107930 00000 n 0000114133 00000 n 0000110241 00000 n INTRODUCTION In chapters 1 and 2 you studied how to apply intelligence (modulation) to an rf-carrier wave. 0000113163 00000 n With a million-volt arc as a source of interference 0000125842 00000 n 0000045633 00000 n 0000009597 00000 n 0000122258 00000 n QPSK is the most common form of phase-shift keying. 0000008453 00000 n 0000008817 00000 n J.Vidkjær. 0000009389 00000 n endstream 0000111334 00000 n Applying Eq. Self-phase modulation (SPM) is a nonlinear optical effect of light-matter interaction. 0000107908 00000 n U�} ��4�F�tn`�8�Y�Qg.��*Š�cmJ��5[.��\����4U���]�y�f^�/ek�ׇ6��n�M)t��D�a� ��t%͆����Nq�C�|_ 10 0 obj In this method of modulation, the amplitude of the carrier wave is maintained constant . Single Pulse Width Modulation: In this modu lation there is an only one ou tput pulse per half cycle. 0000009753 00000 n 0000106083 00000 n 0000008557 00000 n 0000010169 00000 n 0000120365 00000 n Therefore we only consider the case where the message signal m(t)is a sinusoidal signal. Think of this angle as the angle of a phasor rotating at a constant angular velocity. Among the types of modulation techniques, the main classification is Continuous-wave Modulation and Pulse Modulation. There are two common forms of angle modulation, namely, phase modulation and frequency modulation. 0000121988 00000 n 0000120098 00000 n 0000131432 00000 n 0000121168 00000 n 0000114546 00000 n Angle Modulation is the process in which the frequency or the phase of the carrier varies according to the message signal. x�m��n� ��y 0000008921 00000 n 0000124229 00000 n Frequency modulation will result in phase modulation if the signal is differentiated first. ;��Sr5�ja����o[�b��� 0000131177 00000 n 0000117121 00000 n 12 FM has better noise (RFI) rejection than AM, as shown in this dramatic New York publicity demonstration by General Electric in 1940. 0000045477 00000 n In this method of mod lation theIn this method of modulation, the amplit de of the carrier a e isamplitude of the carrier wave is maintained constant. 0000123413 00000 n FM MODULATION • Spectrum vs. modulation index, β – Spectra have a typical trapezoidal shape in linear frequency and amplitude in decibels. 5 0 obj 0000131889 00000 n 0000045581 00000 n 0000048287 00000 n %PDF-1.3 This can be better understood by observing the following figures. 0000004666 00000 n My extensive internet look up has at the end been recognized with useful information to talk about with my great friends. In an FM wave, the total phase changes due to the change in the frequency of the carrier corresponding to the changes in the modulating amplitude. carrier 2 x deviation ≈ ‐3 to ‐6dB per f m ≈ ‐3 to ‐6dB per f m 0000105366 00000 n 0000123963 00000 n BPSK We will begin our discussion of digital phase modulation with a review of the fun-damentals of binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the simplest form of digital phase modulation. BPSK We will begin our discussion of digital phase modulation with a review of the fun-damentals of binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the simplest form of digital phase modulation. 0000047540 00000 n In amplitude modulation, the amplitude of the carrier varies. 0000127715 00000 n endobj 3 0 obj 0000111192 00000 n 0000117873 00000 n 0000111613 00000 n 0000112438 00000 n [0 0 792 612] >> 0000112310 00000 n ���bc��o/���~�y%S�T^��owx�U�*�b��J)K]}�1�,*K����+꯱���F4\�pL9wđ������չ8���\�oEei�&�[e��%�j\�>״j1�����˪R �m��ys ��e/��l�{�.��?�L 0���଺Ż����fD�\��_�r��<. 0000128507 00000 n (4.5) to the given . 0000008713 00000 n Modulation Examples Examples of linear modulation include amplitude modulation, where the modulating signal affects only the amplitude of the modulated signal (i.e., when ζ(t) is a constant ∀t (for any t)), and phase modulation (with a rectangular phase shaping function) where the modulating signal affects only the phase of the endobj - Modulation d’Amplitude (AM) - Modulation de Phase (PM) - Modulation de Fréquence (FM). Dans le langage courant, on se contente de parler de modulation analogique sans préciser le type de porteuse utilisée lorsque celle-ci est sinusoïdale. 0000008349 00000 n 0000123073 00000 n 0000126377 00000 n 3. stream Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning communication signals for transmission.It encodes a message signal as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave.Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation, together with frequency modulation.. 0000008765 00000 n %PDF-1.2 %���� 0000112030 00000 n 0000128238 00000 n 706 modulation. 0000116471 00000 n Describe phase demodulation circuit operation for the peak, low-pass filter, and conversion detectors. 0000121438 00000 n 0000009025 00000 n 0000110112 00000 n 0000117495 00000 n =�5���Ae���b��^������|͉=����J`����O���w��. 0000004590 00000 n Again the curve at the top is the sinusoidal carrier, the curve in the middle is the modulating signal and the lower curve is the phase modulated signal to be transmitted. 0000010117 00000 n Phase Modulation (PM) is another form of angle modulation. 0000130396 00000 n 0000046827 00000 n We therefore assume m(t)=a mcos(2 f mt)for PM and m(t)=-a msim(2 f mt)for FM. For digital phase modulation, we only modulate the phase of the car-rier,θ(t),leaving the amplitude, A(t),constant. 0000104729 00000 n 0000054541 00000 n << /Length 10 0 R /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Filter /FlateDecode >> 0000008973 00000 n xڭUMo1��W����T�ǟ$ih�I�J�8���C%��/u�م]��$������y���x͟���n7�/7\�w��h�q�; �Ç����y�] �K�L���.�� 8g�r�o\��� 0000123690 00000 n m (t) yields the PM wave . 0000109981 00000 n 0000115367 00000 n 0000009077 00000 n which is plotted in Figure 4.2. b. for . 0000009129 00000 n A As we know, a modulating signal is nothing but information or message that has to be transmitted after being converted into an electronic signal. 0000122802 00000 n 0000115226 00000 n Phase & Frequency Modulation The frequency-domain representation of angle modulated signals is, in general, very complex due to the nonlinearity of these modulation schemes. PM - Phase Modulation (continued) EE445-10 22 Narrowband FM •Only the J o and J 1 terms are significant •Same Bandwidth as AM •Using Eulers identity, and φ(t)<<1: Notice the sidebands are “sin”, not “cos” as in AM 23 Narrowband FM as a Phaser AM NBFM 24 Wideband FM from Narrowband FM 0000108996 00000 n An important feature of angle modulation is that it can provide better θi(t)=2π∫(fc+kfm(t))dt ⇒θi(t)=2πfct+2πkf∫m(t)dt Substitute, θi(t)value in the standard equation of angle modulated wave. endobj 0000112755 00000 n 0000113571 00000 n 0000045425 00000 n 0000112622 00000 n 0000045737 00000 n Let . 0000119097 00000 n 0000115646 00000 n Comparing Frequency Modulation to Phase Modulation. The excess phase expression under the bracket in (3.66) implies that a CPM signal may be influenced by more than one modulation symbol. QPSK is a quadrature modulation scheme: each orthogonal carrier is modulated by a statistically independent polar NRZ symbol sequence ! 0000113712 00000 n << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 5 0 R >> /Font << /F1.1 0000009233 00000 n 0000045217 00000 n Modulation Techniques lModulation can be done by varying the l Amplitude l Phase, or l Frequency of a high frequency carrier in accordance with the amplitude of the message signal. But in Frequency Modulation (FM), the frequency of the carrier signal varies in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal.

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